What is Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord, which are part of the central nervous system. It is characterized by the immune system attacking the protective sheath called myelin, which covers nerve fibres. This immune attack results in communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body.

MS affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves, which make up the central nervous system[. The exact cause of MS is unknown, but it is believed that something triggers the immune system to mistakenly attack the central nervous system.

Symptoms of multiple sclerosis can vary widely depending on the location and extent of the damage to the nerves. Common symptoms include fatigue, difficulty walking, numbness or tingling, muscle weakness, problems with coordination and balance, and cognitive changes.

Diagnosis of MS involves a combination of medical history, neurological exams, imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other tests to rule out other conditions with similar symptoms.

While there is no cure for multiple sclerosis, there are treatments available to help manage symptoms, modify the course of the disease, and improve the quality of life for individuals with MS. These treatments may include medications, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and lifestyle modifications.