What are passive range of movement exercises and how can they help?

Passive range of movement (ROM) exercises or PROMS are exercises in which an external force (such as a therapist, caregiver, or equipment) moves a patient's joints through their range of motion without the patient's active involvement.

These exercises are typically used for individuals who are unable to move their limbs independently due to conditions such as paralysis, severe weakness, or immobility.

Types of Passive ROM Exercises

1. Upper Extremity Exercises: - Shoulder flexion and extension - Shoulder abduction and adduction - Elbow flexion and extension - Wrist flexion and extension - Finger flexion and extension

2. Lower Extremity Exercises: - Hip flexion and extension - Hip abduction and adduction - Knee flexion and extension - Ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion - Toe flexion and extension.

Benefits of Passive ROM Exercises.

1. Prevent Joint Stiffness and Contractures: - Regular movement helps maintain joint flexibility and prevent stiffness and contractures (permanent shortening of muscles or tendons around joints).

2. Maintain Muscle Length and Flexibility: - Helps maintain the length and flexibility of muscles, reducing the risk of muscle shortening and tightness.

3. Improve Circulation: - Passive movements can improve blood circulation, which helps in reducing the risk of blood clots and promotes overall cardiovascular health.

4. Reduce Pain and Discomfort: - Gentle passive movements can help in reducing pain and discomfort associated with immobility by decreasing muscle spasms and promoting relaxation.

5. Prevent Pressure Ulcers: - By promoting movement and improving circulation, passive ROM exercises help in preventing the development of pressure ulcers (bedsores).

6. Promote Functional Mobility: - While passive ROM does not increase strength, maintaining joint flexibility can aid in functional mobility when combined with other therapeutic interventions.

7. Enhance Psychological Well-being: - Regular physical therapy, including passive ROM exercises, can have a positive impact on a patient’s psychological well-being by providing a sense of care and support.

8. Prepare for Active Rehabilitation: - Maintaining joint health and flexibility through passive ROM exercises can prepare patients for more active forms of rehabilitation when they regain some level of muscle function.

Indications for Passive ROM Exercises

- Post-Surgery Recovery: To prevent stiffness and improve recovery post-operatively.

- Neurological Conditions: For patients with conditions like stroke, spinal cord injury, or multiple sclerosis.

- Severe Weakness: For individuals with conditions leading to severe weakness or paralysis, such as muscular dystrophy or motor neurone disease (MND).

- Prolonged Immobility: For bedridden patients or those with limited mobility due to chronic illness or injury.

Considerations

- Pain Monitoring: Ensure exercises are performed within a pain-free range to avoid injury or discomfort. - Proper Technique: Exercises should be performed correctly to ensure the effectiveness and prevent joint damage.

- Regular Assessment: Regular assessment by a healthcare professional is necessary to adjust the exercise program based on the patient’s progress and needs.

Passive ROM exercises are an essential component of the care and rehabilitation process for individuals with limited mobility. They help maintain joint health, prevent complications, and enhance overall well-being.

To discuss the passive range of movements further and how we might be able to help you or somebody you know why not contact us on 07731820971 or email us on enquiries@physiohome.co.uk